What Is Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

What Is Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder BPD Print What Is Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)? By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Updated on September 11, 2019 Caiaimage / Paul Bradbury/ Getty Images More in BPD Diagnosis Treatment Living With BPD Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand Symptoms Causes Treatment Dissociative Disorders View All Back To Top You may be surprised to learn that those times when you zone out, feel unreal, or when things around you look strange or unfamiliar can mean youre experiencing dissociation. This is a common occurrence for people with  borderline personality disorder (BPD). In fact, around 75% to 80% of people with BDP experience stress-related dissociation.?? Though it can be difficult to understand, in broad terms, dissociation represents a disconnect between your thoughts, emotions, behaviors, perceptions, memories, and identity. Symptoms Dissociation during times of stress is one of the main symptoms of BPD. Its also associated with acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), both of which can co-occur with BPD. After years of study, researchers are now able to describe the experiences that go along with dissociation, such as:?? Depersonalization: This is a feeling of separation between yourself and your body. People who experience depersonalization may say that they feel like theyre observing their own body from the outside, or as if theyre in a dream.Derealization: Similar to depersonalization, derealization is a feeling of being detached from the external world, such as from other people or objects. It may cause familiar things to look strange, unreal, or unfamiliar. Derealization and depersonalization often occur at the same time.Amnesia: Some people who experience dissociation have periods of amnesia or losing time. They may have minutes to hours or days when they were awake but cant remember where they were or what they were doing.Identity confusion:  This occurs when you experience an inner struggle about who you really are.Identity alteration: When you sense that you act like a different person some of the time, this is identity alteration. For instance, you may see things in your home that you dont recognize, perform a skill that you dont remember learning or others will say youre acting like a different person. Mild identity alteration is common in the general population; for instance, changing your name. The key is that it doesnt cause problems with everyday functioning or relationships. In other words, youre aware of your identity or role change. Moderate identity alteration is common in BPD and involves changes in mood or behavior that are not under your control.   If you havent ever experienced dissociationâ€"and not everyone with BPD doesâ€"you may be puzzled by these descriptions. But even if you dont experience dissociation frequently or its not very severe, almost everyone has experienced mild forms of dissociation from time to time. Common examples of mild dissociation in everyday life are zoning outâ€"when you cant remember what you were thinking or doingâ€"while youre driving on a highway, causing you to miss your exit; daydreaming; and getting so caught up in a book or movie that youre unaware of anything else. Causes The exact cause of dissociation is unclear, but it often affects people who have experienced repetitive, overwhelming trauma, such as severe childhood abuse or neglect.?? Its your brains way of coping in order to separate yourself from the trauma so it becomes more bearable. If you learned to dissociate during times of extreme stress as a child, this likely affected the way your concept of yourself developed and it may have carried over into how you react to stressful situations as an adult. However, this sort of trauma doesnt necessarily cause dissociation to develop, nor do you have to have experienced it to have symptoms of dissociation. Preliminary research exploring neuroimaging in people with dissociative symptoms in BPD has shown that there may actually be changes in the way the brain functions and communicates that contribute to dissociation.?? Using imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans on people with dissociation and BPD, researchers have found evidence of decreased activity in the limbic temporal areas of the brain, increased activity in the frontal area of the brain, and changes in communication between the two areas. Further study in this area may help sort out which brain processes are related to which dissociative symptoms, as well as make psychotherapy even more targeted and beneficial for people who experience dissociation. Treatment Treatments for BPD such as dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) often include components that can help reduce dissociation. Usually, treatment for dissociation is based on building skills that help you to reconnect with yourself, the present moment, and your current surroundings. Grounding is one skill that can be used to reduce dissociation. Grounding exercises involve using external stimuli and your five senses (sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste) to reconnect with the present. For example, in a visual grounding exercise, youre instructed to observe small details about the environment around you until you are feeling more connected. Some people respond better to grounding exercises that use sensation. For instance, holding on to an ice cube for a few moments, chewing a piece of minty gum, or smelling a lemon can help to bring you back to the present moment. Dissociative Disorders There are some mental health disorders that include dissociation as a central feature rather than a symptom. For example, dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a disorder that is thought to be the result of very severe dissociation which causes a person to develop different personalities. The vast majority of people with dissociative identity disorder have experienced childhood abuse, such as physical and/or sexual abuse, and neglect.?? Besides dissociative identity disorder, the two other main dissociative orders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)â€"the gold standard for diagnosing mental health conditionsâ€"include: Dissociative amnesiaDepersonalization/derealization disorder A Word From Verywell Stress-related dissociative symptoms occur in the majority of people with BPD. Even so, there is certainly a spectrum of severity, meaning some people with BPD experience minimal or mild symptoms of dissociation whereas others experience more severe symptoms. Research suggests that this severity may be linked to each individuals history of abuse and trauma.   If you or a loved one is being treated for BPD with dissociative symptoms, or a dissociative disorder, therapy can be challenging and intense, as you or your loved one may have to remember past trauma. But if you stick with it, therapy can help you take back power over dissociative symptoms and improve your overall quality of life.

Educational Evaluation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 738 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/20 Category Education Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? What Is Educational Evaluation? By Shane Hall, eHow Contributor I want to do this! Whats This? [pic]Educational evaluation involves the systematic assessment of educational activities. Objects of evaluation include instructional programs, school initiatives and education goals. The growth in federal funding for education and policy-makers increased calls for school accountability have contributed to the growth of educational evaluation. Many large school districts have personnel responsible for evaluation activities. Function 1. Educational evaluation strives to assess the merits and the impacts of educational programs and initiatives. Examples include evaluating the success of a new dropout prevention program, or comparing the effectiveness of two different reading programs. Methods 2. Educational evaluation uses many of the research methods employed by education and social science researchers. Evaluation involves data collection and analysis, using quantitative and quali tative methods. Benefits 3. Evaluation can help educators determine the success of their programs and pinpoint efforts to improve student achievement. It also can help school systems identify the characteristics of successful programs. Considerations 4. Many school systems receive federal and state grants, which often include evaluation requirements, which helps document how the grant funds were used, and what outcomes resulted from funded activities. Misconceptions 5. Many educators often mistake student assessment and teacher appraisals for evaluation. These activities are better described as measurement: the former is an assessment of individual learners rather than of educational phenomena, whereas the latter is a measurement of certain attributes in teachers. https://www. ehow. com/facts_5006257_what-educational-evaluation. html Read more: What Is Educational Evaluation? eHow. com https://www. ehow. com/facts_5006257_what-educational-evaluation. html#ixzz0yeqxHyKl Educationa l evaluation From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Educational evaluation is the evaluation process of characterizing and appraising some aspect/s of an educational process. There are two common purposes in educational evaluation which are, at times, in conflict with one another. Educational institutions usually require evaluation data to demonstrate effectiveness to funders and other stakeholders, and to provide a measure of performance for marketing purposes. Educational evaluation is also a professional activity that individual educators need to undertake if they intend to continuously review and enhance the learning they are endeavouring to facilitate. Standards for educational evaluation The Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation published three sets of standards for educational evaluations. The Personnel Evaluation Standards [1] was published in 1988, The Program Evaluation Standards (2nd edition) [2] was published in 1994, and T he Student Evaluations Standards [3] was published in 2003. Each publication presents and elaborates a set of standards for use in a variety of educational settings. The standards provide guidelines for designing, implementing, assessing and improving the identified form of evaluation. Each of the standards has been placed in one of four fundamental categories to promote evaluations that are proper, useful, feasible, and accurate. [edit] The Personnel Evaluation Standards †¢ The propriety standards require that evaluations be conducted legally, ethically, and with due regard for the welfare of evaluatees and clients involved in. The utility standards are intended to guide evaluations so that they will be informative, timely, and influential. †¢ The feasibility standards call for evaluation systems that are as easy to implement as possible, efficient in their use of time and resources, adequately funded, and viable from a number of other standpoints. †¢ The accuracy standards require that the obtained information be technically accurate and that conclusions be linked logically to the data. [edit] The Program Evaluation Standards †¢ The utility standards are intended to ensure that an evaluation will serve the information needs of intended users. The feasibility standards are intended to ensure that an evaluation will be realistic, prudent, diplomatic, and frugal. †¢ The propriety standards are intended to ensure that an evaluation will be conducted legally, ethically, and with due regard for the welfare of those involved in the evaluation, as well as those affected by its results. †¢ The accuracy standards are intended to ensure that an evaluation will reveal and convey technically adequate information about the features that determine worth or merit of the program being evaluated. [edit] The Student Evaluation Standards The Propriety standards help ensure that student evaluations are conducted lawfully, ethically, and with rega rd to the rights of students and other persons affected by student evaluation. †¢ The Utility standards promote the design and implementation of informative, timely, and useful student evaluations. †¢ The Feasibility standards help ensure that student evaluations are practical; viable; cost-effective; and culturally, socially, and politically appropriate. †¢ The Accuracy standards help ensure that student evaluations will provide sound, accurate, and credible Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Educational Evaluation" essay for you Create order

Abraham Lincoln And Jefferson Davis Essay - 1475 Words

Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis Works Cited Missing In this report I compare two great historical figures: Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president, steered the Union to victory in the American Civil War and abolished slavery, and the first and only president of the Confederate States of America, Jefferson Davis. Abraham Lincoln was the President of the Union, and Jefferson Davis struggled to lead the Confederacy to independence in the U.S. Civil War. Lincoln was treasured by the African Americans and was considered an earthly incarnation of the Savior of mankind (DeGregorio 20-25). On the other hand, Davis was both admired and hated. Lincoln had a different view of how the U.S. should be in abolishing slavery. Davis was a†¦show more content†¦Lincoln started his political career running unsuccessfully for the Illinois legislature in 1832. Tow years later he was elected to the lower house for the first of four successive terms as a Whig. Davis moved to Mississippi where he managed a plantation and studied. In 1845, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives as a Democrat. He soon had to leave due to the Mexican War. Wanting to be made the commander of the Southern army, he was instead elected president of the Confederacy on February 8, 1861. In 1860 Republicans nominated Lincoln for the presidency on a platform of slavery restriction, internal improvements, homesteads, and tariff reform. He took oath of office on March 4, 1861. The Civil War started after Lincoln took oath, and the battle at Fort Sumpter occurred. The upper South had not yet seceded and when Lincoln took action to defend Ft. Sumpter, the Confederates opened fire starting the Civil War. The South, lead by Davis, suffered due to his poor health, which didnt make him an ideal chief executive. Davis became increasingly unpopular as the war continued. Both President Davis and President Lincoln still had to deal with Congress- in Daviss case with a weak one, in Lincolns case with a much stronger one (Eaton 160-163). During the last year of the war, Jefferson Daviss speeches were in fact inspiring that spring of 1865. Davis was in poor health under the strain of war, he changed noticeably. HeShow MoreRelatedJames L. Swanson s Bloody Times : The Funeral Of Abraham Lincoln And The Manhunt For Jefferson Davis950 Words   |  4 PagesTimes: The Funeral of Abraham Lincoln and The Manhunt for Jefferson Davis describes the separate journey of the two most important faces of the civil war, Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis. Swanson seems to write for the purpose of allowing readers to experience the final journeys of what he believes is the most unique time in history. This adolescent version of Swanson’s adult novel, Bloody Crimes, describes Lincoln’s journey to the grave and the manhunt for the accused Davis. The North United StatesRead MoreThe War Between The North And The South993 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica or the (Rebels), led by President Jefferson Davis. The North was still referred to as the United States of America or the (Union), led by President Abraham Lincoln. Jefferson Davis was hero in the Mexican War, senator in Mississippi, President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. Jefferson Davis did not want the secession, when Mississippi separated Jefferson Davis resigned from the United States Senate. Then Jefferson Davis became the President in February 1861Read MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1376 Words   |  6 Pagesin the form of Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln is widely held as one of the greatest presidents in not just American history but also world history. Lincoln being at the helm of the union was arguably the most important reason why the north won. Serving as a counterpart to Lincoln, Jefferson Davis was the president of the confederate states and while he was influential in his own way, he was not the leader that Abraham Lincoln was. Lincoln’s personal traits in contrast with Jefferson Davis’ are the reasonRead MoreComparing Davis and Lincolns Innagural Address1451 Words   |  6 P agesAmerican history, led by Abraham Lincoln for the north, and Jefferson Davis for the south, both presidents, but two different sides. Both garner for peace, yet one is willing to start a war, while the other is willing to accept it. This essay will compare and contrast the political, economical, and social outlooks on Lincoln’s and Davis’ Inaugural addresses throughout the civil war between the North and South. Slavery, laws, and state rights drove the South to start a war, and Lincoln received the warRead MoreThe Emancipation Proclamation By Mr. Harding1259 Words   |  6 PagesHarding. Mr. Allen proposed that Abraham used the Emancipation Proclamation to free the slaves. However, Mr. Harding used his research and insisted that no the Emancipation Proclamation was not to free the slaves. On the other hand, Mr. Allen makes some well-revised statements, but Mr. Harding has facts and evidence that supports the idea that the Emancipation Proclamation wasn’t to free the slaves, but for other purposes. Mr. Guelzo was convinced that Mr. Lincoln was a hundred percent committedRead MoreCivil War1284 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿American Civil War Milan Patel The journal paper discusses the problems faced by Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis that contributed to civil war in their respective states. It analyses the contribution of each person in the American civil war. The achievements of both commanders will also be discussed together with their weaknesses. Introduction A civil war involves the conflict between different groups in the same state. The main objectives of the civil war are the intention of one group toRead MoreCivil War : A War Between Citizens Of The Same Country1609 Words   |  7 Pageswas a need for two leaders, those leaders would be Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis. The first leader was Abraham Lincoln. He lead the Union side since he was a strong Republican that did not agree with slavery. Abraham was a good leader who the people loved and respected. President Lincoln made it known that he was against slavery. The states became afraid and seceded because they worried that their slaves would been taken away. President Lincoln also made it known that he was not going to abolishRead MoreA Brief Note On Civil War And Its Effects On The United States1602 Words   |  7 Pageswas a need for two leaders, those leaders would be Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis. The first leader was Abraham Lincoln. He leads the Union side since he was a strong Republican that did not agree with slavery. Abraham was a good leader who the people loved and respected. President Lincoln made it known that he was against slavery. The states became afraid and seceded because they worried that their slaves would be taken away. President Lincoln also made it known that he was not going to abolishRead MoreEmancipation Proclamation Essay937 Words   |  4 Pagesan order signed by president Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War in attempt to abolish slavery in the ten rebellion states in the confederacy. The order took effect on January 1, 1863 in attempts to free more than 3.5 million slaves in the confederate area where they rebelled against the Union, and to maintain apprehended freedom between the newly freed slaves and the federal government and military. This was a turning point in the Civil war as Abraham lincoln changed the focal point of theRead MoreTaking a Look at Abraham Lincoln833 Words   |  3 PagesOur 16th president was the first born son of Thomas and Nancy Hanks Lincoln. He was born in Hodgenville, Kentucky on February 12th, 1809. As the Leader of the Union, he fought against the Confederate President, Jefferson Davis in the Civil War. Lincoln won the war with General Ulysses S. Grant by his side. Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth on April 14th 1865. He died of his gunshot wound at 7:22 the next day. â€Æ' William Tecumseh Sherman Born in Lancaster, Ohio, Sherman was only sixteen when

Media Review On Climate Change Free Essays

Even before the post-contemporary period, various environmental problems have been detected as one of the principal factors that affect the change on the way of life all over the world. It is for the reason that environment serves as the prime setting wherein people do their thing and improve their way of living. Climate change has been one of the factors that people consider in performing their daily tasks and endeavors. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Review: On Climate Change or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has significantly seen as something that changes the outline of the world and civilizations, geographically and sociologically wise. Global Warming is not a new issue. Global warming is the primary cause of sudden climate change that tends to make the climate hotter (Tyagi). The greenhouse gases are trapped in the atmosphere which makes the increase in temperature. This effects of this phenomenon are severe such that all regions of are feeling and witnessing them. The melting of the ice caps of the Polar Regions is one of its effects likewise, drought and intense heat (Tyagi). These effects have also bad effects on mankind’s daily activities. Vegetations and agriculture have been sternly affected by climate change. Various diseases that are triggered from having a very high temperature are also detected to debilitate the health of the people (Tyagi). These are just some of the ill-effects of untoward climate change. Nevertheless, such detrimental effects of extreme climate change could be treated and even prevented from impairing the world and the mankind. By being aware and involved on campaigns and programs that tend to rehabilitate the environment, one could really be assured that the problem on climate change could be addressed if not instantly at least gradually. Lastly, environmental issues should not be used for selfish interests and political propaganda. No matter how perfect the economy and the politics of one country if the environment is at risk, all the things that it has would disappear if environment problems would not be addressed and given priority. Work Cited: Tyagi, Avinash. Climate Change and Global Warming. Rajat Publications , 2006. Â   How to cite Media Review: On Climate Change, Essay examples

Malcolm X Essays (340 words) - English-language Films,

Malcolm X Malcolm X, b. May 19, 1925, d. Feb. 21, 1965, was an influential American advocate of BLACK NATIONALISM, and--as a pioneer in articulating a vigorous self-defense against white violence--a precursor of the black power movement of the late 1960s. Born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Neb., he became a rebellious youth after the death (1931) of his father, who the family believed was murdered for advocating the ideas of Marcus GARVEY. Malcolm spent a few years in a foster home but became an excellent student and was voted class president. Nevertheless, at the age of 16, he moved east with relatives and drifted to New York City, where he became involved in Harlem's underworld of drugs, prostitution, and confidence games. In prison for burglary from 1946 to 1952, he read widely and was converted to the teachings of Elijah MUHAMMAD. On his release, he embraced the BLACK MUSLIM movement and changed his name to Malcolm X. Following his initial training, Malcolm became the leading spokesman for the Black Muslims to the outside world. An ideological split developed between Malcolm and the more conservative Elijah Muhammad, and in 1963 Malcolm was suspended as a minister of the Black Muslims. After a pilgrimage to Mecca, he announced (1964) that he had become an orthodox Muslim and founded the rival Organization for Afro-American Unity. His travel in the Middle East and Africa gave him a more optimistic view regarding potential brotherhood between black and white Americans; he no longer preached racial separation, but rather a socialist revolution. His career ended abruptly when he was shot and killed in New York City on Feb. 21, 1965, by assassins thought to be connected with the Black Muslims. The AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF MALCOLM X (dictated to Alex Haley, 1965) publicized Malcolm's ideas and became something of a classic in contemporary American literature. Bibliography Breitman, George. The Last Year of Malcolm X (1967). Clarke, John H. ed., Malcolm X (1969). Goldman, Peter. The Death and Life of Malcolm X (1973). Malcolm X, Malcolm X: The Last Speeches, ed. by Bruce Perry (1989). Wolfenstein, E. V., The Victims of Democracy (1981).

Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher in World War II

Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher in World War II Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher was an American naval officer who played a key role in the early battles of World War II in the Pacific. An Iowa native, he received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the occupation of Veracruz. Though he had little experience with carriers, Fletcher directed Allied forces at the Battle of the Coral Sea in May 1942 and at the Battle of Midway a month later. That August, he oversaw the invasion of Guadalcanal and was criticized for withdrawing his ships leaving the Marines ashore unprotected and under-supplied. Fletcher later commanded Allied forces in the northern Pacific in the final years of the conflict. Early Life and Career A native of Marshalltown, IA, Frank Jack Fletcher was born April 29, 1885. The nephew of a naval officer, Fletcher elected to pursue a similar career. Appointed to the US Naval Academy in 1902, his classmates included Raymond Spruance, John McCain, Sr., and Henry Kent Hewitt. Completing his class work on February 12, 1906, he proved an above average student and ranked 26th in a class of 116. Departing Annapolis, Fletcher began serving the two years at sea that were then required prior to commissioning. Initially reporting to USS Rhode Island (BB-17), he later served aboard USS Ohio (BB-12). In September 1907, Fletcher moved to the armed yacht USS Eagle. While on board, he received his commission as a ensign in February 1908. Later assigned to USS Franklin, the receiving ship at Norfolk, Fletcher oversaw drafting men for service with the Pacific Fleet. Traveling with this contingent aboard USS Tennessee (ACR-10), he arrived in at Cavite, Philippines during the fall of 1909. That November, Fletcher was assigned to the destroyer USS Chauncey. Veracruz Serving with the Asiatic Torpedo Flotilla, Fletcher received his first command in April 1910 when ordered to the destroyer USS Dale. As the ships commander, he led to a top ranking among the US Navys destroyers at that springs battle practice as well as claimed the gunnery trophy. Remaining in the Far East, he later captained Chauncey in 1912. That December, Fletcher returned to the United States and reported aboard the new battleship USS Florida (BB-30). While with the ship, he took part in the Occupation of Veracruz which began in April 1914. Part of the naval forces led by his uncle, Rear Admiral Frank Friday Fletcher, he was placed in command of the chartered mail steamer Esperanza and successfully rescued 350 refugees while under fire. Later in the campaign, Fletcher brought a number of foreign nationals out of the interior by train after a complex series of negotiations with the local Mexican authorities. Earning a formal commendation for his efforts, this was later upgraded to the Medal of Honor in 1915. Leaving Florida that July, Fletcher reported for duty as Aide and Flag Lieutenant for his uncle who was assuming command of the Atlantic Fleet. Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher Rank: AdmiralService: United States NavyNickname(s): Black JackBorn: April 29, 1885 in Marshalltown, IADied: April 25, 1973 in Bethesda, MDParents: Thomas J. and Alice FletcherSpouse: Martha RichardsConflicts: World War I, World War IIKnown For: Battle of the Coral Sea, Battle of Midway, Invasion of Guadalcanal, Battle of the Eastern Solomons World War I Remaining with his uncle until September 1915, Fletcher then departed to take an assignment at Annapolis. With the American entry into World War I in April 1917, he became the gunnery officer aboard USS Kearsarge (BB-5) Transferred that September, Fletcher, now a lieutenant commander, briefly commanded USS Margaret before sailing for Europe. Arriving in February 1918, he took command of the destroyer USS Allen before moving to USS Benham that May. Commanding Benham for most of the year, Fletcher received the Navy Cross for his actions during convoy duty in the North Atlantic. Departing that fall, he traveled to San Francisco where he oversaw the construction of vessels for the US Navy at Union Iron Works. Interwar Years Following a staff posting in Washington, Fletcher returned to sea in 1922 with a series of assignments on the Asiatic Station. These included command of the destroyer USS Whipple followed by the gunboat USS Sacramento and submarine tender USS Rainbow. In this final vessel, Fletcher also oversaw the submarine base at Cavite, Philippines. Ordered home in 1925, he saw duty at the Washington Naval Yard before joining USS Colorado (BB-45) as executive officer in 1927. After two years of duty aboard the battleship, Fletcher was selected to attend the US Naval War College at Newport, RI. Graduating, he sought additional education at the US Army War College before accepting an appointment as Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief, US Asiatic Fleet in August 1931. Serving as chief of staff to Admiral Montgomery M. Taylor for two years with the rank of captain, Fletcher gained early insight into Japanese naval operations following their invasion of Manchuria. Ordered back to Washington after two years, he next held a post in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. This was followed by duty as Aide to Secretary of the Navy Claude A. Swanson. In June 1936, Fletcher assumed command of the battleship USS New Mexico (BB-40). Sailing as flagship of Battleship Division Three, he furthered the vessels reputation as an elite warship. He was aided in this by the future father of the nuclear navy, Lieutenant Hyman G. Rickover, who was New Mexicos assistant engineering officer. Fletcher remained with the vessel until December 1937 when he departed for duty in the Navy Department. Made Assistant Chief of the Bureau of Navigation in June 1938, Fletcher was promoted to rear admiral the following year. Ordered to the US Pacific Fleet in late 1939, he first commanded Cruiser Division Three and later Cruiser Division Six. While Fletcher was in the latter post, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. World War II With the US entry into World War II, Fletcher received orders to take Task Force 11, centered on the carrier USS Saratoga (CV-3) to relieve Wake Island which was under attack from the Japanese. Moving towards the island, Fletcher was recalled on December 22 when leaders received reports of two Japanese carriers operating in the area. Though a surface commander, Fletcher took command of Task Force 17 on January 1, 1942. Commanding from the carrier USS Yorktown (CV-5) he learned air operations at sea while cooperating with Vice Admiral William Bull Halseys Task Force 8 in mounting raids against the Marshall and Gilbert Islands that February. A month later, Fletcher served as second in command to Vice Admiral Wilson Brown during operations against Salamaua and Lae on New Guinea. Battle of the Coral Sea With Japanese forces threatening Port Moresby, New Guinea in early May, Fletcher received orders from the Commander in Chief, US Pacific Fleet, Admiral Chester Nimitz, to intercept the enemy. Joined by aviation expert Rear Admiral Aubrey Fitch and USS Lexington (CV-2) he moved his forces into the Coral Sea. After mounting air strikes against Japanese forces on Tulagi on May 4, Fletcher received word that the Japanese invasion fleet was approaching. Though air searches failed to find the enemy the next day, efforts on May 7 proved more successful. Opening the Battle of the Coral Sea, Fletcher, with Fitchs assistance, mounted strikes which succeeded in sinking the carrier Shoho. The next day, American aircraft badly damaged the carrier Shokaku, but Japanese forces succeeded in sinking Lexington and damaging Yorktown. Battered, the Japanese elected to withdraw after the battle giving the Allies a key strategic victory. Battle of Midway Forced to return to Pearl Harbor to make repairs on Yorktown, Fletcher was in port only briefly before being dispatched by Nimitz to oversee the defense of Midway. Sailing, he joined with Spruances Task Force 16 which possessed the carriers USS Enterprise (CV-6) and USS Hornet (CV-8). Serving as the senior commander at the Battle of Midway, Fletcher mounted strikes against the Japanese fleet on June 4. Vice Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher, September 1942. US Naval History and Heritage Command The initial attacks sunk the carriers Akagi, Soryu, and Kaga. Responding, the Japanese carrier Hiryu launched two raids against Yorktown that afternoon before being sunk by American aircraft. The Japanese attacks succeeded in crippling the carrier and forced Fletcher to shift his flag to the heavy cruiser USS Astoria. Though Yorktown was later lost to a submarine attack, the battle proved a key victory for the Allies and was the turning point of the war in the Pacific. Fighting in the Solomons On July 15, Fletcher received a promotion to vice admiral. Nimitz had tried to obtain this promotion in May and June but had been blocked by Washington as some perceived Fletchers actions at the Coral Sea and Midway as being overly-cautious. Fletchers rebuttal to these claims was that he was attempting to preserve the US Navys scarce resources in the Pacific in the wake of Pearl Harbor. Given command of Task Force 61, Nimitz directed Fletcher to oversee the invasion of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. Landing the 1st Marine Division on August 7, his carrier aircraft provided cover from Japanese land-based fighters and bombers. Concerned about fuel and aircraft losses, Fletcher elected to withdraw his carriers from the area on August 8. This move proved controversial it compelled the amphibious forces transports to withdraw before landing much of the 1st Marine Divisions supplies and artillery. Fletcher justified his decision based on the need to protect the carriers for use against their Japanese counterparts. Left exposed, the Marines ashore were subjected to nightly shelling from Japanese naval forces and were short on supplies. While the Marines consolidated their position, the Japanese began planning a counter-offensive to reclaim the island. Overseen by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, the Imperial Japanese Navy commenced Operation Ka in late August. This called for Japanese three carriers, led by Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo, to eliminate Fletchers ships which would permit surface forces to clear the area around Guadalcanal. This done, a large troop convoy would proceed to the island. Clashing at the Battle of the Eastern Solomons on August 24-25, Fletcher succeeded in sinking the light carrier Ryujo but had Enterprise badly damaged. Though largely inconclusive, the battle forced the Japanese convoy to turn around and compelled them to deliver supplies to Guadalcanal by destroyer or submarine. Later War Following Eastern Solomons, the Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Ernest J. King, severely criticized Fletcher for not pursuing Japanese forces after the battle. A week after the engagement, Fletchers flagship, Saratoga, was torpedoed by I-26. The damage sustained forced the carrier to return to Pearl Harbor. Arriving, an exhausted Fletcher was given leave. On November 18, he assumed command of the 13th Naval District and Northwestern Sea Frontier with his headquarters at Seattle. In this post for the remainder of the war, Fletcher also became commander of the Alaskan Sea Frontier in April 1944. Pushing ships across the North Pacific, he mounted attacks on the Kurile Islands. With the end of the war in September 1945, Fletchers forces occupied northern Japan. Returning to the United States later that year, Fletcher joined the General Board of the Navy Department on December 17. Later chairing the board, he retired from active duty on May 1, 1947. Elevated to the rank of admiral upon leaving the service, Fletcher retired to Maryland. He later died on April 25, 1973, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

How to Answer the “What’s Your Biggest Weakness” Question in Interviews

How to Answer the â€Å"What’s Your Biggest Weakness† Question in Interviews People typically have a really hard time answering the â€Å"what is your biggest weakness?† question. It goes against all of the self-promotion cramming people do when on the job market. How can I portray myself as the ideal candidate and then start talking about the ways in which I’m not ideal? As it turns out, this is an important question- and one that most interviewees botch. Keep in mind that, first of all, there is no right answer. But you should have a good one all the same.Spin it as a  Growth ExperienceTry rethinking it as an opportunity for you to show how you have faced a particularly large obstacle in the past, and how you learned and grew from that experience. Reframe the question into showing how you deal with your flaws productively, rather than trying to humblebrag and pick a non-flaw (i.e. â€Å"I’m too much of a perfectionist†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ hiring managers see right through this).Use it to Show You’re Not Perfect (It’s Okay!)Con fidence is important, but humility is also. Hiring managers want to see a lot from column A, but also a healthy dose of that little bit of honesty and willingness to confront one’s weaknesses from column B.You know you have weaknesses. So try to figure out a way to A) be honest about them, and B) turn them somehow to your advantage. There are stories out there about candidates who open their cover letters by zeroing in on their potential weaknesses or holes in their resume, rather than trying to bury that lack of experience in their resumes. Think along the lines of: â€Å"At first glance, I know I’m not the candidate you’ve envisioned.† That sort of opening salvo of honesty will certainly grab a hiring manager’s attention, and it will give you a chance to frame your candidacy in the best possible light (i.e. â€Å"But†¦ I am uniquely qualified because†¦.†).Explain That You Are Always Fine-TuningRemember that admitting your inadequ acies doesn’t show that you’re inadequate. Quite the contrary. It usually shows that you are self-aware, and that you take the time to examine the parts of your success-machine that are in need of tune-ups or replacements. That you are constantly trying to improve. That’s often the kind of quality that any employer would be very keen to have in an employee.So prepare. But don’t go into an interview with a canned response. Come up with something that can segue into a story of overcoming obstacles, and keep it work related. Show you’re human, but hardworking, and you’ll never be on the wrong end of this ubiquitous interview question again.